The imperious traditional medicinal plants in the treatment of jaundice from Kosgi mandal, Naryanapet Dist. Telangana State

V Mallesham¹, P. Shivakumar Singh^2*, Satish Mohabe^3*

^1,3Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences & IT, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad-462044, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

²Department of Botany, Palamuru University, Telangana State, India.

ABSTRACT

This paper focuses on the importance of traditional medicinal herbs for treating jaundice in rural Telangana, India. Twenty-one species from seventeen families have been identified as typical medicinal plants used to treat jaundice. The top three-species families are Caesalpiniaceae and Euphorbiaceae, followed by Fabaceae with two species. The remaining fourteen families each have one species. The significance of traditional medicinal plants in the treatment of jaundice has been noted in attendance data. It might be misplaced in the future if efforts are not made to educate future generations about their significance. The combination of data may be carefully used in the development of modern pharmaceuticals or in government regulations to enhance modern, innovative prescription design systems in rural, folkloric areas, as well as in the improvement of current formulas with a focus on natural, traditional medicinal plants.

Keywords: Medicinal plants, Jaundice, Caesalpiniaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae

INTRODUCTION

Traditional plants are still used by the rural populace to treat a variety of illnesses. These folks have firsthand knowledge of the beneficial qualities of medicinal plants thanks to their ancestors (Gurib., 2006). They harvest therapeutic herbs from neighbouring forests and turn them into unprocessed pharmaceuticals (Alamgir., 2017). However, these people's lifestyles are changing quickly because to human transformation and unchecked performance, which eventually causes rural residents to lose their traditional expertise. Therefore, it is important to record the different applications of plants before some of them are eradicated from the area or before the locals switch to more contemporary treatments (Beyene et al., 2016). Among the many illnesses that impact people worldwide, jaundice is one of the most prevalent (Ansong et al., 2024). Up to 80% of the world's population currently relies on traditional medicine for their basic medical needs, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO).

The creation of traditional medicines and the usage of medicinal plants to treat a variety of illnesses have significant financial advantages Patwardhan & Partwardhan, 2005). Jaundice is one of the most prevalent illnesses that afflicts people all around the world, including India and the most common problems found in a neonate, which appears during the first week of life (Fargo,et al.,2017). Hyperbilirubinemia may develop serious complications like kernicterus and lifelong disability (Maisels., 2009). There are two usual methods of treatment for neonatal jaundice in the literature: light therapy and blood exchange (Novoa et al., 2023). Blood exchange is the last way for decreasing the serum bilirubin levels (Kalakonda, et al., 2017). The yellowish discolouration of the skin and sclera that results from elevated blood bilirubin levels is known as jaundice. usually have a brown hue. Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E, autoimmune hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, haemolytic anaemia, and malaria are just a few of the illnesses or disorders that can cause jaundice. (Yousaf M, Hossain ME, Wahab MA 2004). The current research is an attempt to record and examine ethnic information about the use of traditional medicinal plants to cure jaundice. So that the present work was carried out around the Kosgi quarter villages of Telangana.

METHODOLOGY

In the southern regions of the study area, a number of rural excursions were made (Fig. 1). Different folklore and forest or rural people's information was gathered at different times of the year on each journey. Following conversations with a number of users, including the village chief, elderly women, and other local informants, the information was gathered. To confirm the information, questionnaires were used to conduct repeated interviews in other villages. Regional floras were used to identify plant specimens that were gathered (Gamble J S. 1928, Pullaiah T and Chennaiah. 1997, Pullaiah T and Moulali D A. 1997, Pullaiah T. 2015).

The area of study is one of India's southern states is Telangana. This province is located in the middle of the Indian Peninsula's eastern coastline. Telangana is 114,840 square kilometres (44,300 square miles) in size. The Eastern Ghats and the lowlands are the two primary divisions of the region. Telangana is located between latitudes 15 50' and 19 55' North and longitudes 77 14' and 78 50' East. The states of Maharashtra to the north and northwest, Karnataka to the west, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Odisha to the east, and Andhra Pradesh to the south border Telangana.

Figure 1: The study area around the Kosgi headquarters.

The majority of the state is desert, but it is drained by two main rivers: the Godavari River, which covers approximately 79% of the state, and the Krishna River, which covers about 69%. At an average elevation of roughly 400 meters above sea level, it is a vast plateau. The three erosion surface ranges that make up this plateau are (i) above 600 MT, (ii) between 300 and 450 Mt, and (iii) between 150 and 300 mt. The tropical monsoon climate is found in the state of Telangana. The state as a whole has a pleasant climate. The climate in northern Telangana is tropical and wet. The southern regions of the state exhibit a hot steppe environment. With a yearly rainfall of 150 to 200 cm, primarily during the summer and the South-West monsoon, the Tropical Rainy type has mean daily temperatures exceeding 20°C. The average daily temperature in the Hot Steppe type is 18°C or lower. In the Telangana state, Summertime highs range from 37 to 44 degrees Celsius, while wintertime lows range from 14 to 19 degrees. The state's diverse soil types can be broadly classified into three groups: red, black, and literate. According to Champion and Seth's classification, Telangana has the following types of forests: tropical wet deciduous forests, southern dry deciduous forests, northern mixed dry deciduous forests, dry savannah woods, and tropical dry evergreen scrub. Over twenty tribes have been identified in Telangana. They are typically found in interior forest and hilly regions (Shivakumar Singh P and Rajender Singh D S R., 2016). The research report focuses on a number of significant traditional medicinal plants, which need to be recognised for their varied uses in future.

RESULTS:

The primary focus of this paper was on the essential traditional medicinal plants used by rural Telangana, India residents to treat jaundice (Table 1). Twenty-one species from seventeen families have been identified as typical medicinal plants used to treat jaundice. The top three-species families are Caesalpiniaceae and Euphorbiaceae, followed by Fabaceae with two species. The remaining fourteen families each have one species. The significance of traditional medicinal plants in the treatment of jaundice has been noted in attendance data. It might be misplaced in the future if efforts are not made to educate future generations about their significance. The combination of data may be carefully used in the development of modern pharmaceuticals or in government regulations to enhance modern, innovative prescription design systems in rural, folkloric areas, as well as in the improvement of current formulas with a focus on natural, traditional medicinal plants. Figure 2 displays the average number of plants and their percentage, whereas Figure 3 displays the average number of plants and their % in the habitat of distribution (Plate 1).

Table 1: The imperative traditional medicinal plants list in the treatment of jaundice

Figure 2: Fraction allocation of expansion forms of distribution via part used.

Figure 3: Fraction allocation of expansion forms of distribution via habitat.

Plate 1: A:Abrus precatorius, B: Acacia Arabica, C: Aloe barbadensis, D: Argemone mexicana, E: Aristolochia bracteolate, F: Balanites aegyptiaca, G: Caesalpinia bonduc,  H: Caesalpinia sappan, I: Calotropis gigantea, J: Cassia fistula, K: Holarrhena antidysenterica, L: Lawsonia inermis, M: Leucas aspera,  N: Oroxylum indicum, O: Phyllanthus fraternus, P: Ricinus communis, Q: Solanum nigrum, R: Tephrosia purpurea, S: Terminalia chebula, T: Tinospora cordifolia, U: Vernonia cinerea.

CONCLUSION

The population is growing rapidly, but at the same time, individuals are losing focus and abandoning their traditional knowledge of therapeutic plants. Future generations will suffer as a result, and future health care will be unbalanced. Widespread education on their significance in medicine and as a direct and indirect basis of maintenance in the health care system for low-income families must thus be initiated. Jaundice can be treated with a variety of traditional medicinal plants and their knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to support both the rural initiative for potential health concern systems and the traditional medicinal plants.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are grateful to the rural, traditional residents around the villages of Kosgi mandal, Naryanapet District of Telangana, for sharing their confidential information.