Lifestyle Modification Therapy and its Effect on Weight Status of Non-Alcoholic Male Liver Disease Patients

Nafisha Parveen¹*, Nanda Gurwara²

^1,2Govt. D.B. Girls P.G. College, Raipur (C.G.)

¹nafisaparveen21@gmail.com, ²nandagurwara@gmail.com

Abstract:

This study examines the impact of lifestyle modification counselling on the weight status of non-alcoholic liver disease patients. To conduct the study 300 newly diagnosed male liver disease patients were selected as samples and randomly placed into experimental and control group. The study area of this study was the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. The standard anthropometric test was used for the assessment of height and weight and BMI was calculated using a formula. Three months counselling program was prepared based on the Fantastic Lifestyle Assessment Checklist. Results reveal that in the pre-test assessment, 22.7% of male liver disease patients lie in the normal weight category whereas after three months of lifestyle counselling the percentage increased to 26.7%. In the pre-test assessment of male liver disease patients in the control group, 12.7% were normal weight and this percentage remained unchanged in the post-test assessment. It has been reported that even slight weight loss due to positive lifestyle changes improves the condition of non-alcoholic liver disease patients hence the results of this study have magnanimous importance towards the management of non-alcoholic liver disease patients.

Keywords: Life style modification, weight, liver disease, BMI.

INTRODUCTION:

The prevalence of liver diseases in India is increasing and it has been considered as major public health concern. The rise of liver diseases in India is higher than other Asian countries especially China. In a developing country it is hard to get accurate data on diseases and this hampers its management. However premature deaths and physical/psychological disabilities associated with liver diseases is known and its effect on economy and scanty healthy care resources needs no clarification. The upwards trend of liver disease patients in India is due to adaptation of western lifestyle along with sedentary habits Hence apart from diagnostic measures and treatment of liver disease patients some behaviour modification related with healthy habits are recommended. It has been opined that modifying eating habits and physical activity status may be useful in better treatment outcomes in patients suffering from liver diseases. It has been reported in some studies that lifestyle modification is a sound method to reduce weight but all these facts are scientifically not tested with regard to non alcoholic male liver disease patients. Hence the present study was planned to study the impact of lifestyle modification therapy and its effect on weight status of non-alcoholic male liver disease patients.

Review of Literature

Parveen, N.  and Gurwara, N. (2023) they discovered that lifestyle counselling encourages better health-related behaviour through diet, exercise, and limiting alcohol and tobacco use, which helps with weight management for the treatment of cirrhosis in male patients. Pang et al. (2022), Fernandez et al. (2022), Viveiros (2021), Lahelma et al. (2021), Katsagoni et al. (2020), Mishra et al. (2020), Goyal et al. (2018), Anju and Shah (2017), Mokdad et al. (2014), Sharma et al. (2008), Cohen and Kaplan (1979) conducted studies on prevalence of liver disease in India, lifestyle modification for liver disease patients and other allied issues.

Objectives:

(a)   To assess the impact of three months lifestyle modification therapy on weight status of newly diagnosed non alcoholic male liver disease patients.

(b)   To assess the impact of three months lifestyle modification therapy on health related behavioural changes in newly diagnosed non alcoholic male liver disease patients.

Hypothesis

1.   Three months of lifestyle modification therapy counselling will reduce the weight of newly diagnosed non alcoholic male liver disease patients.

2.   Three months of lifestyle modification therapy will enhance healthy habits in newly diagnosed non alcoholic male liver disease patients.

METHODOLOGY

Sample:

300 newly diagnosed non alcoholic liver disease patients were selected from the Raipur district of Chhattisgarh. These patients were enrolled in tertiary hospitals located in this area. The age group of the selected patients was 35 to 55 years. Purposive sampling was used for the selection of the sample.

Tools

Anthropometric measurements were taken from standardized equipments while BMI was calculated by formula. FANTASTIC lifestyle checklist was used to assess the effect of lifestyle modification therapy on healthy habits. The lifestyle modification therapy of three months was meticulously prepared based on factors given in the FANTASTIC lifestyle checklist.

Design

This study uses a pre-post design.

Procedure

300 newly diagnosed male liver disease patients were randomly placed in experimental (N=150) and control (N=150) group. Experimental group received three months of lifestyle modification therapy. The data was collected as per pre-post research design.

DATA ANALYSIS:

Table No. 1: Pre-Post Test Frequency Distribution for BMI Status of  Male Liver Disease Patients

A perusal of table no. 1 reveals some interesting facts about the experimental group. In the pre-test assessment, 22.7% of male liver disease patients lie in the normal weight category whereas after three months of lifestyle counselling the percentage increased to 26.7%. Not much change was observed in the overweight category with 49.3% of subjects classified in this category in the pre-test and 50% in the post-test. In the pre-test assessment, 21.3% of male liver disease patients from the experimental group were suffering from class 1 obesity while in the post-test data this percentage was decreased to 16.6%. 2% of male liver disease patients in the experimental group were suffering from class 2 obesity in the pre-test assessment with no change in the post-test assessment. 4.7% of male liver disease patients in the experimental group were suffering from class 3 obesity in the pre-test assessment with no change in the post-test assessment.

In the pre-test assessment of male liver disease patients in the control group, 0.7% were underweight and this percentage remained unchanged in the post-test assessment. In the pre-test assessment of male liver disease patients in the control group, 12.7% were normal weight and this percentage remained unchanged in the post-test assessment. In the pre-test assessment of male liver disease patients in the control group, 42.7% were overweight and this percentage remained unchanged in the post-test assessment. The percentage of male liver disease patients in the control group saw a slight change during the study period with 26.6% of subjects being class 1 obese in the pre-test and 26.0% of subjects in the post-test assessment. The percentage of male liver disease patients in the control group was increased to 11.3% in the post-test as compared to 10.7% in the pre-test for class 2 obesity. In the pre-test assessment of male liver disease patients in the control group, 6.6% were suffering from class 3 obesity and this percentage remained unchanged in the post-test assessment.

 Table 2: Paired Comparison of Lifestyle Modification Scores in Male Liver Disease Patients

t(df=149) at 0.05 = 1.98, t(df=149) at 0.01 = 2.60

 A perusal of table 2 revealed that the pre-test mean score on the lifestyle modification questionnaire of male liver disease patients placed in the experimental group was 52.81 while the standard deviation was 6.41. The post-test mean score on the lifestyle modification questionnaire of male liver disease patients placed in the experimental group was 73.06 while the standard deviation was 7.88. It means that the post-test mean score on the lifestyle modification questionnaire of male liver disease patients in the experimental group was significantly higher as compared to their pre-test mean scores. t=43.62, p-value = .01) indicate that the lifestyle of male liver disease patients in the experimental group was significantly improved after the administration of 03 months of lifestyle modification counselling. A perusal of table 4.37 revealed that the pre-test mean score on the lifestyle modification questionnaire of male liver disease patients placed in the control group was 51.68 and the standard deviation was 6.19. The post-test mean score on the lifestyle modification questionnaire of male liver disease patients placed in the control group was 51.27 and the standard deviation was 6.71. It means that there is no significant change in the lifestyle of male liver disease patients in the control group after three months of the study period as compared to their pre-test lifestyle trends. (t=0.54, p value = not significant)

Results:

1.   The percentage of male patients from experimental group saw an increase in normal weight BMI category after three months of lifestyle counselling. 

2.   The health related behaviour of male patients from experimental group saw a significant improvement after participating in three months of lifestyle counselling. 

Discussion:

Results showed that the three months of lifestyle modification therapy yielded a better management of weight status of newly diagnosed male liver disease patients and the subjects of experimental group also showed improvement in healthy lifestyle related factors after study period. A study conducted by Virtanen et al. (2021) also reported that one year of lifestyle counselling was beneficial for managing weight in females with mean age of 48 years. It means that improving eating habits and physical activity status can reduce weight and this is beneficial for liver disease patients because it controls the excess liver fat.

Conclusion:

It may be concluded that even slight weight loss due to positive lifestyle changes improves the condition of non-alcoholic liver disease patients hence the results of this study have magnanimous importance towards the management of non-alcoholic liver disease patients.

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